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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), also known as non-Hodgkin disease are diverse group of blood cancers that include any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas. Types of NHL vary significantly in their severity, from slow growing to very aggressive types.
Lymphomas are types of cancer derived from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Lymphomas are treated by combinations of chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies (CD20), immunotherapy, radiation, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
The 2008 WHO classification of lymphomas has five large groups, including a Hodgkin disease group.〔DeVita edition 10〕 Other forms of lymphoma are over 80 different forms of lymphoma in an additional four broad groups. By comparison, the 1982 Working Formulation (which is now considered obsolete, and is commonly used primarily for statistical comparisons with previous decades) recognized just 16 types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Five year survival rates in the United States are 69%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html )〕
==Causes==
The many different forms of lymphoma likely have different causes. These possible causes and associations with at least some forms of NHL include the following:
* Infectious agents:
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*Epstein-Barr virus – associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma
*
*Human T-cell leukemia virus – associated with adult T-cell lymphoma
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*Helicobacter pylori – associated with gastric lymphoma
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*HHV-8 – associated with primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease
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*Hepatitis C virus – associated with splenic marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
*
*HIV infection〔
* Some chemicals, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), diphenylhydantoin, dioxin, and phenoxy herbicides.
* Medical treatments, like radiation therapy and chemotherapy
* Genetic diseases, like Klinefelter's syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia syndrome
* Autoimmune diseases, like Sjögren’s syndrome, celiac sprue, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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